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Sons of active alcoholic, recovering alcoholic, and social drinking fathers were administered neuropsychological tests to assess whether they differ in their cognitive functioning. Multivariate analyses of variance showed that sons of active alcoholic sons perform significantly worse on visuospatial, memory, and attentional tasks as well as general intellectual functioning than sons of social drinking...
This study examines the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on thymic apoptosis with or without pretreatment with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Apoptotic cell death of thymocytes was monitored by DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis and the appearance of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as indicated by 3,3 -dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide...
The underlying pathogenesis of Korsakoff's syndrome, an amnesic disorder most commonly found in alcoholics, is not well understood. Chronic alcoholism is associated with thiamin deficiency and current thinking is that this may be the causal factor. In Experiment 1, rats were given a 20% (v/v) ethanol/water mix as their only source of fluid for 156 days. Three groups were made thiamin deficient...
Animal studies have shown that insulin injections reduce alcohol intake, implicating glucoregulatory processes in alcohol consumption. Angiotensin (ANG) II reduces alcohol intake and promotes glycogen breakdown in the liver but no studies have assessed the role of glucoregulatory processes in ANG II's effect. Similarly, glucose injections attenuate the analgesic and cognitive effects of opiates,...
The dose-effect relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and altered platelet function was examined in whole blood in a rat model of alcohol exposure by inhalation, using the impedance method of ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation. With rates of alcohol addition to the chamber air inflow from 29 to 56 mg ethanol/l air/min, BAC was dependent on duration of exposure and concentration...
Four hundred and ninety-two (232 males and 260 females) randomly selected inhabitants older than 15 years of La Esperanza, a rural village of Tenerife, have been inquired about their daily alcohol intake, analyzing the relationship between this parameter and sex, age, marital status, educational level, job and smoking habit, physical signs, and biological markers of excessive ethanol consumption....
Ethanol consumption and/or liver damage may alter liver content of several trace elements, as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese. This alteration may play a role on ongoing liver fibrogenesis. Based on these facts we have determined liver, serum, and urinary Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe levels in a group of alcoholic cirrhotics and noncirrhotics with normal renal function, comparing them with those of controls...
The influence of a low dose of morphine on the self-selection of alcohol and sucrose solutions is investigated. When given a choice between sucrose sweetened ethanol and plain water, rats show a significant preference for the sweetened ethanol. However, when given a choice between sweetened ethanol and sweetened water, rats increase consumption of sweetened water. These results suggest that the...
Alterations in cholinergic function due to prolonged ethanol exposure (up to 9 months) were assessed by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and high-affinity choline uptake (HAChU) in three brain regions of the Long-Evans rat: frontal cortex, parietal cortex, and region of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM). No statistically significant changes were found in ChAT activity in the 3-month group;...
Rats genetically selected for their different ethanol voluntary consumption, UChA (low consumer) and UChB (high consumer) were used. Naive UChA and UChB rats or submitted to ethanol chronic exposure, received an IP dose of ethanol (2.76 g/kg) alone or 30 min after an oral dose of diltiazem (10 mg/kg), a calcium channel blocker. A significant potentiation of the narcosis and hypothermia induced by...
Pregnant rates were fed a control diet, a high saturated fat diet, or a high polyunsaturated diet lacking in vitamin E and zinc, for 6 weeks prior to breeding and continued to consume these diets during pregnancy. Beginning on gestation day 8, rats in each diet group were intubated with 5,3, or 0 g/kg alcohol. Rats in the 0 and 3 g/k group were pair fed to those in their respective 5 g/kg groups...
Alcohol intake or preference for alcohol has been attributed to concomitant dopamine and serotonin dysfunction in rats. Amphetamine and fenfluramine, administered alone, have been shown to reduce food and fluid intake as well as alcohol consumption while acute coadministration of these agents has been shown to suppress audiogenic seizure in rats withdrawn from alcohol. The present study was designed...
In previous studies we demonstrated that ethanol inhibition of hippocampal granule cell long-term potentiation (LTP) is mediated by angiotensin II (AII), and the inhibition can be blocked by losartan, a specific AII receptor antagonist. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that this low-dose ethanol inhibition of dentate granule cell LTP induction is mediated by lateral hypothalamic...
Numerous works have demonstrated an interaction between 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists and some of the effects of ethanol (EtOH) using biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral techniques. Thus, 5-HT 3 antagonists are capable of reducing EtOH-induced release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, EtOH-induced hyperlocomotion, and voluntary EtOH consumption in laboratory animals...
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